What Are Colon Polyps?
Polyps can occur throughout the body, like in the stomach, nose, ear, and uterus, but they’re commonly found in the colon. A colon polyp is a growth of tissue. These colon polyps form on the inner lining of the colon (or large intestine). Basically, in a colon that’s healthy, the lining will act in a constant state of shedding the old cells by way of the stool and replacing them with new cells. But when something gets in the way of this process, it causes the older cells to clump and form a polyp. Polyps are common 1 and become more normal as people age. At least 30 percent of adults who are 50 years or older in the United States are reported to have had polyps. They can also happen in children, an estimated 6 percent which rises to 12 percent in children who experience intestinal bleeding. Though colon polyps are benign, some polyps (called adenomatous polyps) can turn to cancer. A small percentage of these polyps 2 become cancerous, yet nearly all polyps that are malignant after being tested began as adenomatous.What Are the Types of Colon Polyps?
Now that we’ve answered the question — what are colon polyps — let’s cover the two types of colon polyps. The two most common types of polyps are hyperplastic or inflammatory polyps and Adenomas or Adenomatous polyps.Hyperplastic or Inflammatory Polyps
Hyperplastic and inflammatory polyps usually refer to harmless colon polyps that don’t carry a risk of developing into cancer.Adenomas or Adenomatous Polyps
If left untreated, adenomas or adenomatous polyps have the potential to turn into colon cancer. For this reason, they’re often called precancerous polyps. Under a microscope, these polyps have various growth patterns. The patterns are referred to as tubular or villous or tubulovillous (which is a combination of both). Small adenomas have a tubular growth pattern, whereas the larger ones have a villous growth pattern that is more likely to develop into cancer.Risk Factors for Polyps
Anyone can develop these types of colon and rectal polyps, but here are a handful of risk factors:- People who are 50 years and older
- A family history of polyps or colon cancer (particularly if family members were younger when they were diagnosed)
- Inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease)
- A high-fat, low-fiber diet
- Red meat and processed meat consumption
- Use of tobacco and alcohol
- Lack of exercise and obesity
Are Polyps Dangerous?
Although polyps can seem scary, remember that they are often harmless. Because polyps often show no signs until they are larger, one of the most important things you can do is to get screened. Screening will help to find t- Unexplained or sudden weight loss
- Rectal bleeding that is either bright or dark red in color
- Narrow, ribbon-like stool shape
- Tenesmus (or the feeling that you must empty your bowel, yet are unable to do so)
- Persistent bowel changes like diarrhea and constipation
- Anemia caused by an iron deficiency
- Abdominal pain like cramps, gas, or discomfort
- Feelings of weakness or fatigue
Regular Screening for Colon Cancer
The American Cancer Society recommends starting screening at age 45 for people of average risk. Keep in mind that people at average risk do not include the following:- Individuals who have previously had colorectal cancer or certain types of polyps
- A family history of colon cancer
- A personal history of inflammatory bowel disease (ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease)
- A confirmed or suspected hereditary colorectal cancer syndrome (familial adenomatous polyposis or Lynch syndrome)
- A personal history of getting radiation to the abdomen or pelvic area to treat a previous cancer
